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Quantum Mind (Neuroscience: Mind, Brain and Behavior/ Consciousness)

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  Quantum Mechanics Before diving into the complex world of quantum mechanics, the significance of getting acquainted with certain terminologies is immense! Bloch Sphere In quantum mechanics, the Bloch sphere is a geometrical representation of the pure state space of a two-level quantum mechanical system (qubit) , named after the physicist Felix Bloch.  Bit vs Qubit A bit (binary digit or Classical bit or Coin bit) is the basic unit of data, representing a value of either 0 or 1 (“off” or “on”). Bits are independent of each other which means one state at a time. Whereas a qubit (quantum bit) is the basic unit of data which uses quantum  mechanics to represent a 0, a 1, or both at the same time. Qubits are in a combined state together which signifies that there can be many states at the same time.  P:S: Consider qubit as a unit of information and a quantum particle as the physical hardware used to store that information.      Bit (a)   ...
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  STRONG AI AND SEARL'S CHINESE ROOM  (from Sir Roger Penrose's "The Emperor's New Mind) Algorithm, a calculation procedure of some kind. For example the algorithm of a thermostat is simple; but the algorithm for any mental activity of a human brain, it would be more. But according to Strong AI, it is still algorithm whether simple as the thermostat's one or the vastly complicated one of the human brain which includes conscious manifestations; will differ in degree, and not in principle. Differ in degree of complications or higher order structures or self-referential properties, or some other attributes one might assign to an algorithm. The mental activities such as thinking, feeling, understanding, intelligence, consciousness according to strong AI view are mere algorithms followed by the brain. This kind of stupendous algorithm is actually present in the brain, then in principle this kind of an algorithm can very well be run on a computer/ or any other general pu...
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  QUANTUM MIND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)  (From Sir Roger Penrose's The Emperor's New Mind)   https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2023/04/10/the-future-of-artificial-intelligence/?sh=65ddfac84ac4 What is Artificial Intelligence? According to John McCarthy, it is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence.  2004  paper  (PDF, 106 KB)  [ https://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai.pdf]  Types of AI 1) Weak AI: It is also called narrow AI or Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) trained and focussed to perform some specific tasks for example it enables applications such as Apple's Siri, Amazon's Alexa, IBM Watson, and autonomous vehicles. [https://www.ibm.com/topics/artificial-intelligence] 2) Strong AI: It consists of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI...
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  QUANTUM MIND                                                                                                         https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/definition/Turing-test                                     THE TURING TEST        (from Sir Roger Penrose's The Emperor's New Mind Manufacturer's claim that computers/ devices can "think, feel, sensitive and understanding, conscious beings" in which case, we will face immense moral difficulties. But how can we believe such probably absurd claims? The operationalist viewpoint is that "the computer thinks  if it acts indistinguishably from the way a hum...
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